Article 7.3a

Bachelor and Master studies

1. University education distinguishes the following studies:
   a - Bachelor studies, and
   b - Master studies, following Bachelor studies as meant under a.
2. Higher professional education distinguishes the following studies:
   a. Bachelor studies, and
   b. Master studies indicated as such by the Minister for Education.
3. A decree as meant under Paragraph 2, under b., shall be taken only if training is not or not sufficiently provided and preservation of such training is required by:
   a. the importance of preservation of an effective training programme, and
   b. a clear social need.

Article 7.3b

Post-initial Master studies

In addition to the studies referred to under Article 7.3a, higher education also distinguishes the following studies:

a. Post-initial Master studies in university education, and

b. Post-initial Master studies in higher professional education.

Article 7.10a

Awarding of degrees

1. The Board of the institute shall grant the degree of Bachelor or the degree of Master to anyone who has successfully completed the final examination of a Bachelor study in university education, or the final examination in a Master study in university education. Depending on the discipline in which the successfully completed final examination for a Bachelor study, or the successfully completed final examination for a Master study was taken, the words “of Arts” or “of Science” will be added to the title.
2. The Board of the institute shall grant the degree of Bachelor or the degree of Master to anyone who has successfully completed the final examination of a Bachelor study in higher professional education, or the final examination of a Master study in higher professional education, respectively.
3. The Board of the legal entity as meant in Article 5a.1, Paragraph 2, shall grant the degree of Master to anyone who has successfully completed the final examination of a Master study as meant in Article 7.3b, under a. or b.
4. The Board of the institution or the Board of the legal entity referred to in Paragraph 3, shall add to the title an indication of the field of science or the professional field to which the degree refers.

Article 7.18

Granting the degree of Doctor, admission to and structure of the degree ceremony

1. The doctoral degree board of a university or of the Open University has the authority to grant the degree of Doctor on the basis of the doctoral degree ceremony.
2. Those who wish to be admitted as candidates to the doctoral examination must meet the following requirements:
   a. having obtained the degree of Master on the basis of Article 7.10a, Paragraph 1, 2, or 3;
   b. to have demonstrated the ability to do independent scholarly work by writing a dissertation or completing a draft version, and
   c. to have met other requirements as set in the Regulation meant in Article 7.19.
3. In special circumstances, the Board may admit candidates who comply with Paragraph 2 under b and c, but who do not meet the requirement under a.
4. The Board shall appoint a professor from a university to act as supervisor. The doctoral degree ceremony shall take place in the presence of this Board or of a committee, composed by the Board from professors or other persons deemed to have the necessary qualities to sit on this committee, respecting the Regulation as meant in Article 7.19.
5. For the application of Paragraph 4, professors of Theology at a public university and the associate professors at a public university shall be regarded as a professor of such a university.

Article 7.19

Regulation Governing the Attainment of Doctoral Degrees; honorary doctorates

1. With due regard for the applicable legal stipulations, the doctoral degree board shall set up a Regulation governing the attainment of doctoral degrees. This Regulation governs the following procedures:
   a. the procedure regarding the preparations for the degree ceremony and regarding the ceremony itself, including the tasks and responsibilities of all those who are or may be involved in the degree ceremony, and
   b. the provisions for the settlement of any disagreement which may arise with regard to the preparation for the degree ceremony or the ceremony itself.
2. The doctoral degree board has the right to award the degree of Honorary Doctor to natural persons who have been nominated for such a degree by the Board of the institute because of their exceptional scholarly performance.

Article 7.22

Degree of Doctor

1. Anyone who has been granted the degree of Doctor on the basis of the doctoral degree ceremony referred to in Article 7.18, or according to Article 7.19, Paragraph 2, shall be entitled to express such in a title added to one’s name.
2. Anyone who is entitled to express the degree referred to in Paragraph 1 by an addition to one’s name, shall also be entitled to use the title of Doctor.
3. The title referred to in Paragraph 2, abbreviated to Dr., is place before one’s name.
4. The person involved shall make a choice between expressing the degree in one’s own name, as referred to in Paragraph 1, or using the title, as referred to in Paragraph 2.

Article 9.3

Composition of the Executive Board; legal position of members

1. The Executive Board shall consist of no more than three members, including the Rector of the university.

Article 9.10

Doctoral degree board

1. A university has a doctoral degree board. The members of the doctoral degree board consists are professors.
2. The doctoral degree board consults the Executive Board on the granting of doctoral degrees, as referred to in Article 7.19, Paragraph 2.
3. The administrative and management regulations specify the tasks, the composition and the appointment procedure of the doctoral degree board in detail.

Article 9.19

Rights and Responsibilities of Professors

1. The university’s staff includes at least the professors. The appointment letter specifies the field of science in which the professor shall carry out his/her research and education tasks.
2. With due consideration to the authority of the Board of the study programme, as referred to in Article 9.17, professors are first and foremost responsible for the scientific development of the field for which they have been appointed and for education is this field.
3. Honourably discharged professors retain the right to act as supervisors for a period of five years after their discharge.
4. Professors are entitled to use the title of Professor. Former professors who have been honourably discharged for health reasons, voluntary early retirement, or upon reaching the statutory are for retirement from public service, retain this title.

Article 9.52

Professors of Theology

3. Article 9.19, Paragraphs 3 and 4 apply to Professors of Theology.

Transitional provisions

Article 17a.6

Study programmes being discontinued

1. If the board of an institution, as referred to in Article 17a.2 or Article 17a.2b, has applied the second paragraph of those articles, it will maintain the study programme in university education until such a time when the students and external students registered for the study programme are able to complete the study at the same institute or a different institute within a reasonable period of time.
2. As from the study year meant in Article 17a.2, Paragraph 2, no more students or external students shall be registered for the first time in the first year of the study programme concerned in university education.
3. The provisions of this Act and the executive regulations based on it, as they were on 31 August 2002, shall continue to apply to a study referred to in this article and to its registered students and external students.
4. Contrary to Paragraph 3, the regulations of the Educational Inspectorate Act apply to supervision of a study programme referred to in that paragraph.

Article 17a.7

Continuation of existing undivided study programmes in university education

1. Until a time set by Royal Decree, funded or designated universities or the Open University may provide study programmes referred to in Article 7.3, as this article was phrased on 31 August 2002, insofar as those study programmes were included in the programmes offered by that institution on 31 August 2002. The time specified in the Royal Decree referred to in the first sentence, shall be 1 September of any one year. The Royal Decree shall be accepted and published before 1 September of the year preceding the time set by the decree.
2. The study programmes meant in the first paragraph, include the study programmes that were introduced and registered in the Central Register of Study Programmes in Higher Education, or were submitted in time for inclusion in this register.
3. As of the time set by the Royal Decree referred to in Paragraph 1, no more students or external students shall be registered for the first time for the first year of a study programme as meant in this article.

Article 17a.18

Admission to the degree ceremony for those who have an “old style” diploma

Those who – on or before 31 August 2002 - complied with the condition referred to in Article 7.18, Paragraph 2, under a., as the condition was phrased on 31 August 2002, shall be considered as being equal to those who comply with the condition referred to in Article 7.18, Paragraph 2, under a.

Article 7.18

Paragraph 2, under a., as it was phrased on 31-08-2002

2. Admission to the doctoral degree ceremony is granted to anyone who:

a. has successfully completed the final examination of a study programme with a study load of no fewer than 168 credits, or, with respect to the study programmes referred to in Article 7.4, Paragraph 3, has successfully completed an examination that closes a part of the study programme that represents no fewer than 168 credits.